Abstract: The Bratva, known colloquially as the Russian mafia, has become one of the most powerful criminal organizations in the world. Emerging from the lawless peasantry of imperial Russia in the 18th century, the Bratva has repeatedly proven its adaptability in the face of seismic political shifts and social upheavals. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the origins, growth, and current global reach of the Bratva. It traces the group’s evolution from its bandit roots through the pivotal Soviet era that consolidated the Bratva’s structure and criminal culture. It then examines the Bratva’s expansion in the post-Soviet period, its nexus with oligarchs and state officials, and its diversification into global illicit activities. The article argues that the Bratva remains deeply embedded within both state institutions and the business environment in Russia. Its decentralized and flexible network, coupled with high-level protection, suggests the Bratva and its influence are likely to endure for the foreseeable future.
